2. Fossil Specimens Discovered in North and South America (4/5)
Fossil Specimens Discovered in Brazil
Brazil's geological structure exhibits a similarity to that of the South American plateau. More than half of the country's rock formations formed in the Precambrian Period (4.6 billion to 543 million years ago). Brazil's lower stratum consists of metamorphic and igneous rocks, with a stratum of sedimentary rock on top: Some sedimentary rock layers date back to the Precambrian, while others formed more recently.
A large number of Precambrian microfossil (belonging to microscopic organisms) zones have been identified from rocks in the Sao Francisco region. Two other major fossil fields in Brazil are the Santana and Crato formations.
In the Santana Formation, which lies in the Araripe Basin, the majority of the fossils date back to the Cretaceous Period (146 to 65 million years ago). One significant feature of the Santana Formation is that it contains well-preserved fossil specimens of more than 25 species of fish. The Santana Formation fossils also include various reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates and plants.
(small picture) During researches made in the Araripe region, well-preserved fossils of more than 25 fish species were uncovered. One of the important fossil areas in the Araripe region is in Ceara.
Until recently, the Crato Formation was considered part of the Santana Formation. However, research in this area has revealed strata containing fossil insects that lived in the very earliest times. This insect fauna has led Crato to be considered a distinct formation of its own. In addition to the insect fauna, fossil spiders, scorpions, crabs and many plant species have been obtained from this fossil bed.
a) Numerous fossils found in Santana reveal that today's living creatures have not undergone evolution.
b) The Nova Olinda quarry, where many fossils were uncovered.
c) Limestone containing fossil specimens, unearthed from the Crato Formation.
Fossils, hundreds of millions of years old, obtained from the fossil beds in Brazil once again demonstrate that there is no scientific foundation to the claim that living things evolved gradually from a common ancestor. The fossils refute the idea that living things evolved, and corroborate creation.
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Bush Cricket Age: 128 million years old
Size: With wings, 15 mm (0.5 in) overall; matrix: 110 mm (4.3 in) by 100 mm. (3.9 in)
Location: Ceara, Brazil
Formation: Santana Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous, Upper Aptian Cenomanian The bush cricket, which belongs to family Tettigoniidae, has more than 225 species in North America alone. But the majority of these beetles inhabit tropical regions.
Bush crickets have remained unchanged for millions of years. Its fossil, shown in the photograph, is evidence of this truth. |
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Cockroach Age: 108 – 92 million years old
Size: Wing span 23 mm (0.9 in) ; matrix: 128 mm (5 in) by 128 mm ( 5 in)
Location: Nova Olinda Member, Ceara, Brazil
Formation: Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous, Upper Aptian Cenomanian Brazil's Araripe Basin is home to a fantastic array of exquisitely-detailed Early Cretaceous fossils, some of which have been preserved in three dimensions. The pronotum (head shield) and the venation of the wings of this cockroach can be examined in detail.
This fossil, typical of the cockroaches alive 108 to 92 million years ago, is the same as ones living today, which shows that the theory of evolution is invalid. |
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Fly Age: 125 million years old
Size: Length 1.9 centimeters (0.75 in); matrix: 90 mm (3.5 in) across and 5 mm (0.2 in) thick
Location: Araripe Basin, Brazil, South America
Formation: Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous The fossil record shows that the winged insects appeared simultaneously with wingless ones, both at once. This occurrence invalidates the claim that wingless insects evolved their wings over time and eventually transformed into flying species. The fossilized fly shown in this photo is just one of the prehistoric discoveries that refute the evolutionists. |
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Cockroach Age: 146 to 65 million years old
Size: 8.8 centimeters (3.5 in) by 9.1 centimeters (3.6 in)
Formation: Santana Formation
Location: Serra De Araripe, Brazil
Period: Cretaceous The 146-65 million-year-old cockroach in the picture is identical to its living examples. Cockroaches have exhibited the same structural features for millions of years, proving that evolution never actually took place. |
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Grasshopper Age: 108 – 92 million years old
Size: 30 mm (1.1 in) overall, 75 mm (2.9 in) with antennae; matrix: 110 mm (4.3 in) by 100 mm (3.9 in)
Location: Nova Olinda Member, Ceara, Brazil
Formation: Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous, Upper Aptian Cenomanian The 108 – 92 million-year-old grasshopper in the picture is evidence that grasshoppers have always existed as grasshoppers. Remaining unchanged for millions of years, grasshoppers are showing us that they are created, not evolved. |
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Lacewing (Chrysopa) Age: 125 million years old
Location: Brazil
Formation: Santana Formation
Period: Cretaceous Insects, a great many species of which are encountered in the fossil record, do not, as evolutionists maintain, share any common ancestor. Each species appears in the fossil record suddenly and with its own unique characteristics, and it never changes for so long as it survives. The 125-million-year-old fossil in the picture is one of the proofs of this. It is impossible to espouse the Darwinist scenario in the face of this evidence. |
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Scorpion Age: 110 million years old
Size: 26 millimeters (1 in)
Location: Araripe, Brazil
Formation: Santana Formation
Period: Cretaceous, Aptian One of the oldest known scorpion fossils is 320 million years old. The one pictured is 110 million years old. Scorpions living 320 million years ago, 110 million years ago and today are exactly the same. Unchanged for so many millions of years, scorpions are solid evidence of creation.
Some fossils leave their traces equally in the two halves of the stone layer. This scorpion fossil 110 million years old is an example. |
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Cockroach Age: 108 – 92 million years old
Size: Insect: 25 millimeters ( 0.9 in); matrix: 90 millimeters (3.5 in) by 113 millimeters ( 4.4 in)
Location: Nova Olinda Member, Ceara, Brazil
Formation: Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous, Upper Aptian Cenomanian One of the fossils of cockroaches demonstrating that the theory of evolution is imaginary, is this one pictured, 108 to 92 million years old. It is no different from living examples. |
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Cockroach Age: 128 million years old
Size: Including legs, 18 millimeters (0.7 in) matrix: 110 millimeters (4.3 in) by 93 millimeters (3.6 in)
Location: Ceara, Brazil
Formation: Santana Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous If an organism undergoes no changes for millions of years, retains its structure in spite of all kinds of environmental changes, it's impossible to say that it has evolved. Millions of fossil examples belonging to thousands of organisms prove this impossibility. |
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Aquatic Beetle Age: 108 – 92 million years old
Size: 26 millimeters; matrix: 115 millimeters (4.5 in) by 102 millimeters ( 4.5 in)
Location: Nova Olinda Member, Ceara, Brazil
Formation: Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous, Upper Aptian-Cenomanian Aquatic beetles spend most of their lives in the water. In North America, there are 500 known species, and some 5,000 species worldwide. They can breathe under the water using an air bubble they've trapped on the water surface. These beetles which have exquisitely complex systems, have retained the same perfect features for millions of years. The fossil aquatic beetle pictured is evidence that these beetles today are just the same as they were 108-92 million years ago and have never undergone evolution. |
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Grasshopper Age: 108 - 92 million years old
Location: Crato Formation, Araripe Basin, Ceara, Brazil
Period: Cretaceous, Mesozoic Era The grasshopper fossil pictured is between 108 and 92 million years old. And like all other creatures that have come down through the ages unchanged, this grasshopper demonstrates to Darwinists that the species never underwent evolution. |
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Cockroach Age: 125 million years old
Size: 2.5 centimeters (1 in) length; matrix: 11.5 centimeters ( 4.5 in) by 11.5 centimeters (4.5 in ) across , and 0.7 centimeters (0.2 in) thick
Location: Araripe Basin, Brazil
Formation: Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous One insect that has remained the same for millions of years is the cockroach. Fossil roaches 320 million years old have been found. The impact of cockroaches on the theory of evolution has been described thus in Focus magazine: In theory, various elements of pressure such as changing environmental conditions, hostile species and competition between species should lead to natural selection, the selection of species advantaged by mutation, and for these species to undergo greater change over such a long period of time. YET THE FACTS ARE OTHERWISE. Let us consider cockroaches, for example. These reproduce very quickly and have short life spans, yet they have remained the same for approximately 250 million years. ("Evrimin Cikmaz Sokaklari: Yasayan Fosiller" [Cul-de-sac of evolution: Living Fossils], Focus, April 2003) |
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Grasshopper Age: 125 million years old
Size: 2 centimeters (0.8 in) length; matrix: 10.5 centimeters (4 in) by 7.5 centimeters (2.9 in) across and 0.5 centimeters (0.2 in) thick
Location: Araripe Basin, Brazil, South America
Formation: Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous Grasshoppers, which belong to the order Orthoptera, appear with the same structure in the fossil record for millions of years. Grasshoppers mostly inhabit tropical regions, but can be seen in different regions around the globe.
All fossil grasshoppers show that the genus haven't changed for millions of years—in other words, grasshoppers didn't evolve. One of the proofs of this is the 125-milion-year-old fossil grasshopper pictured. |
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Grasshopper Age: 125 million years old
Size: 3.8 centimeters (1.5 in)
Location: Araripe Basin, Brazil
Formation: Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous This 125-million-year-old fossil is evidence that grasshoppers have always existed as grasshoppers. In the face of this, it is impossible for the evolutionists to make a logical explanation. |
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Long-Horned Grasshopper Age: 125 million years old
Size: 1.5 centimeters (0.6 in) . The antennae measure a further 1.8 centimeters (0.7 in), giving this insect a total length of 3.4 centimeters (1.3 in).
Location: Araripe Basin, Brazil
Formation: Nova Olinda Member, Crato Formation
Period: Lower Cretaceous These grasshoppers' most distinctive features are their long, thin antenna that are almost twice the length of their bodies. Like all other grasshoppers, long-horned grasshoppers have been the same for millions of years. This photo demonstrates there's no difference between the grasshoppers of 125 million years ago and ones living today. |
